CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The redesign of a nation’s currency is an important economic decision, with significant implications for its socio-economic development. In Nigeria, the Naira was first introduced in 1973, and since then, it has undergone several redesigns (Agi, 2018). The redesign of the Naira is seen as an important step towards economic growth, development, and stability. In this study, we will examine the impact of the redesign of the Naira on the socio-economic development of Nigeria (Akin, 2019).
Nigeria is a country in West Africa with a population of over 200 million people. It is one of the largest economies on the continent, and the Naira is the national currency (Agi, 2018). Over the years, Nigeria has undergone significant economic and political changes, with the currency playing a central role in these developments. The redesign of the Naira, therefore, has a profound impact on the country’s socio-economic development (Amaele, 2022).
The redesign of the Naira is seen as an important step towards modernizing Nigeria’s financial system, and the new currency is expected to improve the country’s economic outlook. It is hoped that the new design will help to reduce inflation and promote price stability (Okon, 2023). The Central Bank of Nigeria has stated that the new design will incorporate security features that will help to prevent counterfeiting, which is a significant problem in the country.
The impact of the Introduction of new naira note on the socio-economic development of Nigeria can be examined from several perspectives. For instance, the redesign of the currency will likely have an impact on the country’s balance of trade (Tade, 2022). The Naira’s value is a critical factor in Nigeria’s import and export trade, and any significant changes in the currency’s value can have a ripple effect on the country’s economy. A stronger Naira can make imports more affordable, which can lead to a reduction in inflation. Conversely, a weaker Naira can lead to higher inflation, which can negatively impact the country’s socio-economic development (Barry, 2019).
Moreover, the redesign of the Naira is likely to have a direct impact on the banking sector. The new currency design will require a significant investment in new printing technology, security features, and other infrastructure (Essang, 2022). This investment will have both positive and negative impacts on the country’s banking sector. On the one hand, the new technology will help to modernize the sector and make it more efficient. On the other hand, the cost of the investment may result in higher interest rates and other fees for customers (Johansen, 2021).
The redesign of the Naira is an important step towards the socio-economic development of Nigeria. The impact of the redesign can be seen in several areas, including the country’s balance of trade, banking sector, and overall economic outlook. The success of the redesign will depend on the ability of the government and the Central Bank of Nigeria to manage the transition effectively, promote financial stability and ensure that the benefits of the new design are realized across the economy(Krugman, 2018).
Socio-economic development refers to the process of improving the quality of life of a country’s citizens through the development of its social and economic structures. In Nigeria, the concept of socio-economic development has been an essential goal since the country’s independence in 1960 (Orata, 2022).
Over the years, Nigeria has undergone significant economic changes, including periods of economic growth and decline. Despite the challenges faced, the country has made some progress in improving the standard of living of its citizens (Orata, 2022). For instance, Nigeria has experienced significant improvements in areas such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development. However, there is still a lot of work to be done to ensure that the country’s citizens can benefit from sustained economic growth and development (Roden, 2021).
One of the significant challenges facing Nigeria is the issue of income inequality. The country has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, with a significant proportion of the population living in poverty. Addressing income inequality is essential to achieving socio-economic development in Nigeria, as it can lead to improved health outcomes, education, and employment opportunities (Roden, 2021).
Furthermore, Nigeria’s economy is heavily reliant on the oil and gas industry, which has proven to be unstable and vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices. Diversifying the country’s economy is crucial to achieving sustainable economic growth and development. The government has initiated several policies aimed at diversifying the economy, including the development of the agricultural sector, and the promotion of non-oil exports (Ubom, 2022).
The government has also initiated various programs aimed at reducing poverty, improving education, and promoting social development. For example, the National Social Investment Program (NSIP) is a government-led initiative aimed at providing social welfare programs to vulnerable groups in society (Ubom, 2022). The program includes initiatives such as the N-Power program, which provides employment opportunities for unemployed youths, and the National Home-Grown School Feeding Program, which provides meals for primary school children in public schools (Uju, 2021).
In conclusion, achieving socio-economic development in Nigeria requires a coordinated effort from the government, private sector, civil society, and other stakeholders. Addressing income inequality, diversifying the economy, and promoting social welfare programs are all crucial components of achieving sustainable economic growth and development (Wilmort, 2022). With the right policies and strategies in place, Nigeria can move towards a more equitable, inclusive, and prosperous society. It is with this background this study analyze the impact of introduction of new naira note on the socio-economic development of Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The Nigerian economy has undergone significant challenges in recent times, ranging from a high rate of inflation, devaluation of the Naira, and limited access to foreign exchange. In response to these challenges, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has embarked on various policy interventions, including the redesign of the Naira. The redesign of the Naira is expected to improve the country’s socio-economic development, but there is little empirical evidence to support this claim. Nigeria, a country in West Africa, is facing a multitude of socio-economic challenges that are affecting its development and growth. One of the major challenges is the high rate of unemployment, particularly among the youth. This is a significant challenge that is hindering the country’s economic growth and development, as it is preventing people from contributing to the economy and accessing economic opportunities.
Poverty is another major challenge in Nigeria, with over 40% of the population living below the poverty line. This high level of poverty is contributing to income inequality and making it difficult for people to access basic necessities of life such as food, shelter, and healthcare. The lack of access to these basic necessities is also exacerbating the poverty problem in the country.
Insecurity is also a major challenge in Nigeria, with various security challenges such as insurgency, terrorism, banditry, kidnapping, and armed robbery affecting economic activities in the country. These security challenges are discouraging investors from investing in the country and making it difficult for businesses to thrive.
Corruption is pervasive in different sectors of the Nigerian economy, and it is affecting the country’s economic growth and development. Corruption is making it difficult for investors to invest in the country and hindering economic activities. This challenge is also reducing the trust of citizens in the government and institutions, which makes it difficult for policies to be implemented effectively. Currency redesign and socio-economic development are linked in several ways. The currency is an essential tool for economic transactions, and it plays a critical role in the economic development of any country. The redesign of a country’s currency can have significant impacts on its socio-economic development, as it affects several economic factors such as inflation, foreign exchange availability, and economic growth.
One of the ways in which currency redesign can impact socio-economic development is through inflation control. When a currency is redesigned, it can lead to the reduction of the amount of money in circulation, which can help to control inflation. A reduction in inflation can lead to a reduction in the cost of living, which can improve the standard of living for citizens, particularly those in the lower socio-economic class.
Redesigning a country’s currency can also impact foreign exchange availability. A well-designed currency can improve a country’s reputation in the global market, making it more attractive to foreign investors. This, in turn, can increase foreign exchange reserves and improve the country’s balance of trade.
Moreover, currency redesign can impact economic growth. A well-designed currency can increase the confidence of citizens and investors in the economy, leading to increased economic activities and growth. The redesign of a country’s currency can also improve the efficiency of its monetary policy, which can help to stabilize the economy and foster sustainable economic growth.
1.3 Research Objectives
The main objective of the study is to investigate Introduction of new naira notes and it's implications on the social-economics life of the people in abeokuta L G.A, the specific objectives are:
To determine the major Reasons for introducing new Naira in Nigeria
To find out the Impact of introducing new naira note one social economics life of citiznen in Ado local government
To find a Better ways in which businesses in Ado local government area can prepare for such change
Research Questions
1. What are the major Reasons for introducing new Naira in Nigeria ?
2. What are the impact of introducing new naira note one social economics life of citizen in Ado local government?
3. What are the ways in which businesses in Ado local government area can prepare for introduction of new naira note?
Significance of the Study
Completing the research on the Introduction of new naira notes and its implications on the socio economics life of the people in Abeokuta Local government area can bring several benefits, including:
Improved understanding of the impact of introduction of new naira note on Nigeria’s socioeconomic development: The research can provide new insights into how currency redesign can impact Nigeria’s economic growth and development, which can inform policymaking and improve decision-making.
Identification of the most effective currency redesign strategies: The research can help identify the most effective strategies for currency redesign in Nigeria, which can promote economic growth and development in the country.
Improved economic stability: The research can provide policymakers with evidence-based insights into how to improve the stability of the Nigerian economy through currency redesign.
Increased investment: The research can provide foreign investors with a better understanding of how currency redesign in Nigeria can impact their investments in the country, which can lead to increased investment and economic growth.
Improved policy decisions: The research can inform policy decisions related to currency redesign and other economic policies, which can lead to better outcomes for the country and its citizens.
Overall, completing the research on the impact of introduction of new naira note on socioeconomic development in Nigeria can provide valuable insights into the relationship between currency redesign and economic development, which can help inform policy decisions and promote sustainable economic growth and development in the country.
Scope of the Study
The scope of the study on the Introduction of new naira notes and it's implications on the social-economics life of the people in abeokuta L G.A will focus on several key areas related to the redesign of the currency and its effects on the country’s economic and social development.
The study will primarily focus on the period of the last ten years, from 2013 to 2023, to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of currency redesign on Nigeria’s socioeconomic development in recent times.
Operational Definition of terms
Introduction of new naira note: For the purpose of this study, introduction of new naira note is defined as the modification or change in the physical appearance or design of the Nigerian currency, which can include changes to the color, size, shape, and features of the naira notes and coins.
Socioeconomic Development: Socioeconomic development refers to the improvement in the quality of life of individuals, the reduction of poverty and unemployment, and the enhancement of economic growth and stability. For this study, we will measure socioeconomic development in Nigeria through indicators such as GDP growth, poverty rates, employment rates, and income inequality.
Inflation Rates: Inflation rates refer to the general increase in the price level of goods and services in an economy over a specific period. For this study, we will use the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI) as measures of inflation rates in Nigeria.
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Foreign exchange reserves refer to the foreign currency holdings of a country’s central bank. For this study, we will use the value of the naira against major currencies such as the US dollar, British pound, and euro as an indicator of Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves.
Confidence: Confidence refers to the level of trust and optimism that citizens and investors have in the Nigerian economy. For this study, we will measure confidence through surveys and other data sources that provide insights into consumer and investor sentiment.
Economic Growth: Economic growth refers to the increase in the production and consumption of goods an d services in an economy over time. For this study, we will measure economic growth in Nigeria through changes in the country’s GDP over the past ten years.
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