CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
Education, in every human community is an indispensable instrument for human progress, empowerment and effecting national development. This suggests that a nation that lacks sound educational culture and philosophy stands the risk of decay whereas a nation that sees to the development of its education sector is bond to achieve great success. Schools are established for the purpose of teaching and learning. It is also more important that the teachers are properly accommodated to facilitate the teaching –learning process that go on there. This is the essence of the school plant and facilities. Therefore school facilities are the space interpretation and physical expression of the school curriculum.
Student performance is also refered to as academic performance by Adediwura and Tayo (2017). Academic performance or academic performance is the outcome of education the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals. Achievement is commonly measured by examinations or continuous assessment but there is no general agreement on how it is best tested or which aspects are most important.
Students achievement in Integrated Science cannot be traced to a single factor but by multiplicity of factors such as environment, student attitude, teaching techniques, school facilities, teacher qualification and many more.
According to Harb & El-sharawin (2016) there are two types of factors affecting student academic achievement. These are internal and external classroom factors. Internal classroom factors includes, student’s competence, class schedules, class size, textbooks, class test results, learning or school facilities, school or class environment, complexity of course materials, teachers role in the class, technology used in the class and examination systems. External ones include extra curricular activities, family problems, and financial problems, social and other problems.
Noble (2016) emphasized student achievement and activities, perceptions of their coping strategies and positive attributions and background characteristics (i.e family income, parent level of education, guidance from parents and number of situation in the home) were indirectly related to their composite scores through academic performance in high school.
Young (2009) held the view that student’s performances are tend with the use of library and the level of their parental education. To Hussan (2016), the guidance from the parent and teachers indirectly affects the performance of the student. Socio-economic factors like family income, parent’s education, teacher-student ration, presence of trained teacher in school are also factors influencing the performance of the student (Raychauduri, Amivata, Majundar, 2010).
School facilities have been observed as a potent factor to quality education. It importance to the teaching and learning process cannot be over-emphasized. Effective learning can occur through one’s interaction with the environment. Environment here refers to the facilities that are available to facilitate students learning outcome or achievement. These facilities include school building, library, laboratory, textbooks, software and hardware of educational technology etc. These facilities goes a long to affect or enhance students performance or achievement. This can be realized when there are qualified teachers to handle the subject and the facilities are available.
According to Oni (2012), facilities constitutes a strategic factor in any organizational functioning. This is so because they determine to very large extent the smooth functioning education. He further stated that their availability, adequacy and relevance influence efficiency and high productivity. In his words, Farombi (1998) opined that the wealth of a nation or society could determine the quality of education in that land; emphasizing that a society that is wealthy will establish good schools with qualified teachers and with such, there as well as high academic achievement.
Adesola (2008) found out that the level of available resources is indeed a plus to the teachers and goes a long way to show the level of ingenuity and commitment towards effective delivery of lesson. Akinfolarin (2012) identified facilities as a major contributing factor to academic performance in the school system. Different studies conducted by Ayodele (2016) and Vandiver (2011) showed that a positive relationship exists between availability of facilities and students academic achievement. Writing on the role of facilities in teaching –learning process, Balogun (2012) submitted that no effective science education programme can exist without facilities for teaching. This is because facilities enable learners or students to develop scientific attitude and problem solving skills.
Statement of the Problem
Irrespective of the fact that secondary schools in Ikere local government have manpower and other instructional materials such as laboratories and libraries, the expectation is that these facilities be used effectively by skilled and knowledgeable hands but the reverse is the case in our secondary schools hence the loss of interest in practical subjects by students. Teaching materials such as instructional materials laboratories library road network, pipe borne water, disposal waste bins, helps to facilitates learning and teaching in their own ways. Ensuring the cleanliness of environment and provision of light (electricity) are all geared towards effective and efficient teaching and learning.
More recent research was suggested that Facility maintenance and
disrepair rather than structural issues may be more directly related to student
academic performance. most of the
schools in Ikere local government area lack modern facilities and equipment in
their schools which as a result hider the effective teaching and learning of
Integrated Science . In the light of above, the research is set to evaluate the effects of teaching facilities on students academic
performance in integrated science.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of the study is to evaluate teaching facilities on students academic performance in integrated science in Ikere Local Government Area.
The specific objective is to :
· Investigate the impact of educational facilities on academic performance of Integrated Science students in some selected secondary schools, in Ikere local government area of Ekiti State,
· Find out if teaching facilities are available for the teaching of integrated science in secondary schools in Ikere Local government area
· Find out if the available facilities in the schools are properly manage by school authorities.
· Find out the problems encountered by school without teaching facilities
Research Questions
The following research questions were raised to guide the study
1. What are the effects of teaching facilities on academic performance of Integrated Science students in some selected secondary schools, in Ikere local government area of Ekiti State?
2. Are there enough and adequate number of teaching facilities in some selected secondary school in Ikere local government area?
3. Are the available facilities properly managed by school authorities?
4. What are the problems encountered by school without teaching facilities?
Significance of the Study
It is hoped that, this study will provide information for parents, educators and school administrators to reflect upon various factors that help students in achieving their academic goals.
This study will facilitate the knowledge of learners on the effectiveness of facilities on the teaching and learning of integrated science which will serve as feedback to the education sector.
Also the study will helps parents to have the knowledge of teaching facilities their children require in schools to aid their academic performance.
The study will influence policy formulation pertaining to the training of integrated science teachers in future.
Teachers will also be aided on the efficient use of teaching facilities to reach across diverse learners in the teaching-learning process.
This study will also help Government known if the various schools in Ikere ekiti are lacking modern facilities for effective teaching and learning of Integrated Science
Delimitation of the Study
The study is delimited to evaluating the influence of teaching facilities on students academic performance in integrated science, it is also delimited to five (5) secondary schools in Ikere Ekiti. The study will equally be delimited to JSS 1 to JSS 3 students.
Definition of Terms
Academic performance: This means the level of attainment on what the students have been able to achieve in terms of success in examination.
Educational facilities: This refers to all essential teaching aid and equipment in teaching and learning process, such facilities like desks, chairs, libraries. E.t.c.
Equipment: these are facilities used in thee school by both teachers and students, they include benches, desks, tables, for writing on.
Adequate: Enough in quantity on good enough in quality, for the purpose or need for effective academic performance.
Teaching: This is the passing of knowledge from an experienced person to an inexperienced person.
Effective: This is producing the result that is wanted or intended.
Education: This is the process of teaching and learning to improved knowledge and develop skills of an individual to the society.
Classroom: This is where teaching and learning takes places.
Teaching facilities: Teaching facilities are materials that assist teachers in delivering of their lectures to make their lesson explicit to the learners.
Instructional facilities: Instructional facilities are defined as classrooms, seminar rooms, instructional laboratories, computer laboratories, on-campus clinics, cybraries and other spaces used principally for the purpose of delivering formal instruction to our university students.
School facilities: School Facilities means buildings and grounds, parking lots, playing fields and fixed equipment under the control of the school division
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